Angina is a symptom of coronary artery disease that causes chest pain, tightness, pressure, or discomfort when the heart muscle does not receive enough oxygen-rich blood. It most commonly occurs when the coronary arteries become narrowed by a build-up of fatty deposits (atherosclerosis), reducing blood flow during physical activity, emotional stress, or after a heavy meal. Some people also experience pain spreading to the arms, neck, jaw, shoulders, or back, as well as shortness of breath. Although angina itself is not a heart attack, it is an important warning sign that should be assessed promptly to reduce the risk of future heart problems. If you frequently experience angina or chest pain, book an appointment with London Heart Group to rule out serious heart problems. Early evaluation can help ensure your heart health is protected.

Coronary artery disease (CAD) is the most common type of heart disease and occurs when the arteries that supply blood to the heart become narrowed or blocked by a build-up of fatty deposits called plaque (atherosclerosis). This reduces blood flow and oxygen to the heart muscle, which can lead to symptoms such as chest pain (angina), shortness of breath, and reduced exercise tolerance. In some people, CAD causes no symptoms until a heart attack occurs. Risk factors include smoking, high blood pressure, high cholesterol, diabetes, obesity, physical inactivity, and a family history of heart disease. Early diagnosis and treatment can help prevent serious complications.

Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is an inherited heart condition in which the heart muscle becomes abnormally thickened, making it harder for the heart to pump blood effectively. The thickening most commonly affects the wall between the heart's pumping chambers and can sometimes obstruct blood flow out of the heart. Symptoms may include shortness of breath, chest pain, palpitations, dizziness, or fainting, although many people have no symptoms. HCM can increase the risk of heart rhythm problems and, in rare cases, sudden cardiac arrest. With appropriate monitoring and treatment, most people with HCM can lead active, fulfilling lives.cardiologist are critical to managing VT and preventing life-threatening complications.

Recovering from a heart attack is a gradual process that focuses on helping the heart heal, reducing the risk of another cardiac event, and restoring confidence in everyday life. Recovery typically includes taking prescribed medications, adopting heart-healthy lifestyle habits, and participating in a cardiac rehabilitation programme that combines supervised exercise, education, and emotional support. Many people can return to normal activities, including work and exercise, within weeks or months, depending on the severity of the heart attack. Ongoing follow-up with a cardiologist is essential to monitor recovery, manage risk factors such as high blood pressure and cholesterol, and support long-term heart health.

Percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), commonly known as coronary angioplasty with stent insertion, is a minimally invasive procedure used to treat narrowed or blocked coronary arteries. During the procedure, a cardiologist guides a thin tube (catheter) through a blood vessel to the heart, where a small balloon is inflated to widen the narrowed artery. In most cases, a metal mesh tube called a stent is then placed to help keep the artery open and restore healthy blood flow. PCI is commonly performed to relieve symptoms of angina, improve quality of life, and, in the case of a heart attack, quickly restore blood flow to limit damage to the heart muscle.